Data types in kotlin

 package com.example.my_kotlin_practice

fun main(args: Array<String>)
{
//    Kotlin built in data type can be categorized as follows:
//
//    Number
//    Character
//    String
//    Boolean
//    Array

    var a : Int = 10000
    var d : Double = 100.00
    var f : Float = 100.00f
    var l : Long = 1000000004
    var s : Short = 10
    var b : Byte = 1

    println("Int value is : $a")
    println("Double value is : $d")
    println("Float value is : $f")
    println("Long value is : $l")
    println("Short value is : $s")
    println("Byte value is : $b")

//    Kotlin character data type is used to store a single character, and they are represented by the type Char keyword.
//    A Char value must be surrounded by single quotes, like 'A' or '1'.

    var letter : Char = 'A'
    println("Character value is : $letter")

//    Kotlin supports a number of escape sequences of characters. When a character is preceded by a backslash (\),
//    it is called an escape sequence, and it has a special meaning to the compiler. For example, \n in the following
//    statement is a valid character, and it is called a new line character

    println("\n") //prints a new line character
    println('\$') //prints a dollar $ character
    println("\\") //prints a backslash \ character

//    The following escape sequences are supported in Kotlin: \t, \b, \n, \r, \', \", \\ and \$.

//    String Data Type
    var escapedString : String = "I am escaped String!\n"
    var rawString : String = """This is going to be a multi-line string and will
        not have any escape sequence
    """

    print(escapedString)
    println(rawString)

    var escapedString2 : String = "I am escaped String!\n"
    var rawString2 : String = """This is going to be a multi-line string and will
        not have any escape sequence
    """.trimMargin()

    print(escapedString2)
    println(rawString2)

//    Boolean Data Type
    var A : Boolean = true  //defining a variable with true value
    var B : Boolean = false //defining a variable with false value

    println("Value of variable A is : $A")
    println("Value of variable B is : $B")

//    Boolean has a nullable counterpart Boolean? that can store a null value as below:

    var boolNull: Boolean? = null
    println("Value is : $boolNull")

//    Array Data Type

//    Kotlin arrays are a collection of homogeneous data. Arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable,
//    instead of declaring separate variables for each value.

    var numbers : IntArray = intArrayOf(1,2,3,4,5)
    println("Value at 3rd position : " + numbers[2])

//    Data Type Conversion

//    To convert a numeric data type to another type, Kotlin provides a set of functions:
//
//    toByte()
//    toShort()
//    toInt()
//    toLong()
//    toFloat()
//    toDouble()
//    toChar()

    var x : Int = 100
//    var y : Long = x    //Not valid assignment
    var y : Long = x.toLong()
    println(y)
}

OUTPUT:

Int value is : 10000
Double value is : 100.0
Float value is : 100.0
Long value is : 1000000004
Short value is : 10
Byte value is : 1
Character value is : A


$
\
I am escaped String!
This is going to be a multi-line string and will
        not have any escape sequence
    
I am escaped String!
This is going to be a multi-line string and will
        not have any escape sequence
Value of variable A is : true
Value of variable B is : false
Value is : null
Value at 3rd position : 3
100

Process finished with exit code 0